Which scientist formulated four questions that motivate the modern study of animal behavior?

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Table of contents

  1. Select all Front Matter

    Full text access

    Front-matter

    Copyright

    Dedication

    Preface

  2. Select Chapter 1 - Of Cockroaches and Wolves: Framing Animal Behavior

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    Chapter 1 - Of Cockroaches and Wolves: Framing Animal Behavior

    Pages 1-24

  3. Select Chapter 2 - Neurobiology and Endocrinology for Animal Behaviorists

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    Chapter 2 - Neurobiology and Endocrinology for Animal Behaviorists

    Pages 25-65

  4. Select Chapter 3 - Behavioral Genetics

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    Chapter 3 - Behavioral Genetics

    Pages 67-98

  5. Select Chapter 4 - Homeostasis and Time Budgets

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    Chapter 4 - Homeostasis and Time Budgets

    Pages 99-123

  6. Select Chapter 5 - Learning

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    Chapter 5 - Learning

    Pages 125-150

  7. Select Chapter 6 - Cognition

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    Chapter 6 - Cognition

    Pages 151-182

  8. Select Chapter 7 - Communication

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    Chapter 7 - Communication

    Pages 183-217

  9. Select Chapter 8 - Movement: Search, Navigation, Migration, and Dispersal

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    Chapter 8 - Movement: Search, Navigation, Migration, and Dispersal

    Pages 219-252

  10. Select Chapter 9 - Foraging

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    Chapter 9 - Foraging

    Pages 253-279

  11. Select Chapter 10 - Self-Defense

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    Chapter 10 - Self-Defense

    Pages 281-305

  12. Select Chapter 11 - Mating Systems

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    Chapter 11 - Mating Systems

    Pages 307-339

  13. Select Chapter 12 - Nesting, Parenting, and Territoriality

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    Chapter 12 - Nesting, Parenting, and Territoriality

    Pages 341-365

  14. Select Chapter 13 - Social Behavior, Cooperation, and Kinship

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    Chapter 13 - Social Behavior, Cooperation, and Kinship

    Pages 367-397

  15. Select Chapter 14 - Comparative Social Behavior

    Book chapterAbstract only

    Chapter 14 - Comparative Social Behavior

    Pages 399-432

  16. Select Chapter 15 - Conservation and Behavior

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    Chapter 15 - Conservation and Behavior

    Pages 433-467

  17. Select Index

    Book chapterNo access

    Index

    Pages 469-475

  1. Select all Front Matter

    Full text access

    Front-matter

    Copyright

    Dedication

    Preface

    Introduction

  2. Select Chapter 1 - 50,000 Years Before Present: The Dawn of Human Evolution

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    Chapter 1 - 50,000 Years Before Present: The Dawn of Human Evolution

    Pages 1-3

  3. Select Chapter 2 - 12,000 Years Before Present: Domestication

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    Chapter 2 - 12,000 Years Before Present: Domestication

    Pages 5-7

  4. Select Chapter 3 - 1623 Social Behavior

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    Chapter 3 - 1623 Social Behavior

    Pages 9-10

  5. Select Chapter 4 - 1700s Classifying Life

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    Chapter 4 - 1700s Classifying Life

    Pages 11-13

  6. Select Chapter 5 - 1729 Biological Clocks

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    Chapter 5 - 1729 Biological Clocks

    Pages 15-16

  7. Select Chapter 6 - 1800s Birds in Their Natural Setting

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    Chapter 6 - 1800s Birds in Their Natural Setting

    Pages 17-19

  8. Select Chapter 7 - 1800s The Great Explorers

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    Chapter 7 - 1800s The Great Explorers

    Pages 21-24

  9. Select Chapter 8 - 1859 Darwin and Behavior

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    Chapter 8 - 1859 Darwin and Behavior

    Pages 25-27

  10. Select Chapter 9 - 1859 Darwin and Social Insects

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    Chapter 9 - 1859 Darwin and Social Insects

    Pages 29-31

  11. Select Chapter 10 - 1882 George Romanes and the Birth of Comparative Psychology

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    Chapter 10 - 1882 George Romanes and the Birth of Comparative Psychology

    Pages 33-34

  12. Select Chapter 11 - 1894 Morgan’s Canon

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    Chapter 11 - 1894 Morgan’s Canon

    Pages 35-37

  13. Select Chapter 12 - 1914 Sensory Physiology and Behavior

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    Chapter 12 - 1914 Sensory Physiology and Behavior

    Pages 39-41

  14. Select Chapter 13 - 1938 Skinner and Learning

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    Chapter 13 - 1938 Skinner and Learning

    Pages 43-45

  15. Select Chapter 14 - 1940 Orientation

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    Chapter 14 - 1940 Orientation

    Pages 47-49

  16. Select Chapter 15 - 1941 Bat Echolocation

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    Chapter 15 - 1941 Bat Echolocation

    Pages 51-53

  17. Select Chapter 16 - 1947 The Evolution of Clutch Size

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    Chapter 16 - 1947 The Evolution of Clutch Size

    Pages 55-56

  18. Select Chapter 17 - 1948 Cognitive Maps

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    Chapter 17 - 1948 Cognitive Maps

    Pages 57-58

  19. Select Chapter 18 - 1948 Hormones and Behavior

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    Chapter 18 - 1948 Hormones and Behavior

    Pages 59-60

  20. Select Chapter 19 - 1948 Information Theory

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    Chapter 19 - 1948 Information Theory

    Pages 61-62

  21. Select Chapter 20 - 1953 The Chasm Between Ethology and Comparative Psychology

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    Chapter 20 - 1953 The Chasm Between Ethology and Comparative Psychology

    Pages 63-66

  22. Select Chapter 21 - 1954 Life History Phenomena

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    Chapter 21 - 1954 Life History Phenomena

    Pages 67-69

  23. Select Chapter 22 - 1954 Zeitgebers (Time-Givers) for Biological Clocks

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    Chapter 22 - 1954 Zeitgebers (Time-Givers) for Biological Clocks

    Pages 71-73

  24. Select Chapter 23 - 1956 The Coolidge Effect

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    Chapter 23 - 1956 The Coolidge Effect

    Pages 75-76

  25. Select Chapter 24 - 1957 Psychophysical Laws

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    Chapter 24 - 1957 Psychophysical Laws

    Pages 77-79

  26. Select Chapter 25 - 1960 Motivation and Drive

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    Chapter 25 - 1960 Motivation and Drive

    Pages 81-83

  27. Select Chapter 26 - 1963 The Four Questions

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    Chapter 26 - 1963 The Four Questions

    Pages 85-87

  28. Select Chapter 27 - 1964 Dopamine and Reward Reinforcement

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    Chapter 27 - 1964 Dopamine and Reward Reinforcement

    Pages 89-90

  29. Select Chapter 28 - 1964 Inclusive Fitness and the Evolution of Altruism

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    Chapter 28 - 1964 Inclusive Fitness and the Evolution of Altruism

    Pages 91-93

  30. Select Chapter 29 - 1965 Harry Harlow and Social Isolation in Monkeys

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    Chapter 29 - 1965 Harry Harlow and Social Isolation in Monkeys

    Pages 95-97

  31. Select Chapter 30 - 1967 Island Biogeography

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    Chapter 30 - 1967 Island Biogeography

    Pages 99-100

  32. Select Chapter 31 - 1968 Tool Use

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    Chapter 31 - 1968 Tool Use

    Pages 101-102

  33. Select Chapter 32 - 1969 Territoriality and Habitat Choice

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    Chapter 32 - 1969 Territoriality and Habitat Choice

    Pages 103-104

  34. Select Chapter 33 - 1970 Sperm Competition

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    Chapter 33 - 1970 Sperm Competition

    Pages 105-106

  35. Select Chapter 34 - 1971 Behavioral Genetics

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    Chapter 34 - 1971 Behavioral Genetics

    Pages 107-108

  36. Select Chapter 35 - 1971 Reciprocal Altruism

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    Chapter 35 - 1971 Reciprocal Altruism

    Pages 109-110

  37. Select Chapter 36 - 1971 Selfish Herds

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    Chapter 36 - 1971 Selfish Herds

    Pages 111-113

  38. Select Chapter 37 - 1973 Episodic Memory

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    Chapter 37 - 1973 Episodic Memory

    Pages 115-116

  39. Select Chapter 38 - 1973 Game Theory

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    Chapter 38 - 1973 Game Theory

    Pages 117-119

  40. Select Chapter 39 - 1973 The Many Eyes Hypothesis

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    Chapter 39 - 1973 The Many Eyes Hypothesis

    Pages 121-122

  41. Select Chapter 40 - 1973 The Red Queen

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    Chapter 40 - 1973 The Red Queen

    Pages 123-125

  42. Select Chapter 41 - 1973 Animal Conflict

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    Chapter 41 - 1973 Animal Conflict

    Pages 127-129

  43. Select Chapter 42 - 1974 Caenorhabditis elegans Behavioral Genetics

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    Chapter 42 - 1974 Caenorhabditis elegans Behavioral Genetics

    Pages 131-132

  44. Select Chapter 43 - 1974 Standardizing Behavioral Observation Methods

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    Chapter 43 - 1974 Standardizing Behavioral Observation Methods

    Pages 133-135

  45. Select Chapter 44 - 1974 Parent–Offspring Conflict

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    Chapter 44 - 1974 Parent–Offspring Conflict

    Pages 137-139

  46. Select Chapter 45 - 1975 Group Selection

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    Chapter 45 - 1975 Group Selection

    Pages 141-143

  47. Select Chapter 46 - 1975 Sociobiology

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    Chapter 46 - 1975 Sociobiology

    Pages 145-147

  48. Select Chapter 47 - 1975 The Handicap Principle

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    Chapter 47 - 1975 The Handicap Principle

    Pages 149-151

  49. Select Chapter 48 - 1976 Marginal Value Theorem

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    Chapter 48 - 1976 Marginal Value Theorem

    Pages 153-155

  50. Select Chapter 49 - 1977 Self-medication

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    Chapter 49 - 1977 Self-medication

    Pages 157-159

  51. Select Chapter 50 - 1977 The Evolution of Mating Systems

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    Chapter 50 - 1977 The Evolution of Mating Systems

    Pages 161-163

  52. Select Chapter 51 - 1978 Animal Models for Depression

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    Chapter 51 - 1978 Animal Models for Depression

    Pages 165-166

  53. Select Chapter 52 - 1978 Theory of Mind

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    Chapter 52 - 1978 Theory of Mind

    Pages 167-168

  54. Select Chapter 53 - 1980 Dispersal

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    Chapter 53 - 1980 Dispersal

    Pages 169-170

  55. Select Chapter 54 - 1980 Semantic Communication

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    Chapter 54 - 1980 Semantic Communication

    Pages 171-172

  56. Select Chapter 55 - 1980 The Risk Paradigm

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    Chapter 55 - 1980 The Risk Paradigm

    Pages 173-174

  57. Select Chapter 56 - 1981 Prisoner’s Dilemma

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    Chapter 56 - 1981 Prisoner’s Dilemma

    Pages 175-176

  58. Select Chapter 57 - 1981 Producers and Scroungers

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    Chapter 57 - 1981 Producers and Scroungers

    Pages 177-178

  59. Select Chapter 58 - 1982 The Hamilton–Zuk Hypothesis

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    Chapter 58 - 1982 The Hamilton–Zuk Hypothesis

    Pages 179-181

  60. Select Chapter 59 - 1982 The Hippocampus and Navigation

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    Chapter 59 - 1982 The Hippocampus and Navigation

    Pages 183-185

  61. Select Chapter 60 - 1983 Reproductive Skew

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    Chapter 60 - 1983 Reproductive Skew

    Pages 187-188

  62. Select Chapter 61 - 1985 An Animal Model for Anxiety

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    Chapter 61 - 1985 An Animal Model for Anxiety

    Pages 189-190

  63. Select Chapter 62 - 1988 Brood Parasitism

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    Chapter 62 - 1988 Brood Parasitism

    Pages 191-192

  64. Select Chapter 63 - 1990 Fear

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    Chapter 63 - 1990 Fear

    Pages 193-194

  65. Select Chapter 64 - 1990 The Challenge Hypothesis

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    Chapter 64 - 1990 The Challenge Hypothesis

    Pages 195-196

  66. Select Chapter 65 - 1991 Pain in Animals

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    Chapter 65 - 1991 Pain in Animals

    Pages 197-198

  67. Select Chapter 66 - 1991 Receiver Psychology

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    Chapter 66 - 1991 Receiver Psychology

    Pages 199-200

  68. Select Chapter 67 - 1992 Working Memory

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    Chapter 67 - 1992 Working Memory

    Pages 201-203

  69. Select Chapter 68 - 1994 Ecosystem Engineers

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    Chapter 68 - 1994 Ecosystem Engineers

    Pages 205-207

  70. Select Chapter 69 - 1996 Conservation Behavior

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    Chapter 69 - 1996 Conservation Behavior

    Pages 209-211

  71. Select Chapter 70 - 1996 The Molecular Basis of Learning

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    Chapter 70 - 1996 The Molecular Basis of Learning

    Pages 213-214

  72. Select Chapter 71 - 1998 Self-Organization of Social Systems

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    Chapter 71 - 1998 Self-Organization of Social Systems

    Pages 215-217

  73. Select Chapter 72 - 1998 Gaze Following

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    Chapter 72 - 1998 Gaze Following

    Pages 219-221

  74. Select Chapter 73 - 1999 Multimodal Communication

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    Chapter 73 - 1999 Multimodal Communication

    Pages 223-224

  75. Select Chapter 74 - 2000 Emotion and the Brain

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    Chapter 74 - 2000 Emotion and the Brain

    Pages 225-226

  76. Select Chapter 75 - 2000 Social Amoebas and Their Genomes

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    Chapter 75 - 2000 Social Amoebas and Their Genomes

    Pages 227-229

  77. Select Chapter 76 - 2002 Social Networks

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    Chapter 76 - 2002 Social Networks

    Pages 231-232

  78. Select Chapter 77 - 2004 Behavioral Syndromes—Personality in Animals

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    Chapter 77 - 2004 Behavioral Syndromes—Personality in Animals

    Pages 233-235

  79. Select Chapter 78 - 2004 Maternal Epigenetics

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    Chapter 78 - 2004 Maternal Epigenetics

    Pages 237-238

  80. Select Chapter 79 - 2004 Public and Private Information

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    Chapter 79 - 2004 Public and Private Information

    Pages 239-241

  81. Select Chapter 80 - 2014 Keystone Individuals

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    Chapter 80 - 2014 Keystone Individuals

    Pages 243-244

  82. Select Index

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    Index

    Pages 245-250

What are the four approaches to the study of animal behavior?

However, a student interested in Animal Behavior study today could follow one of four main paths to a career in behavior: Anthropology, Ecology, Psychology, Physiology.

Which scientist devised a rule that predicts when natural selection should favor altruism?

Hamilton's rule, in ecology and sociobiology, mathematical formula devised by British naturalist and population geneticist W.D. Hamilton that supports the notion that natural selection favours genetic success, not reproductive success per se.

Which scientist determined that digger wasps used landmarks to locate nest entrances?

Tinbergen concluded that the wasp did use landmarks to find her nests, and that she could learn new ones. Tinbergen used simple materials in his experiment—pine cones and stones—and a simple procedure. The results led him to conclude that digger wasps use a pattern of landmarks to find their nests.

What is true about imprinting?

It is true that imprinting results in the animal directing its social and mating behaviour toward other members of its own species, and not necessarily toward the particular individuals to which it was exposed when imprinting occurred.